The pursuit of environmental sustainability has emerged as a worldwide imperative, specifically in the context of mitigating climate change. The primary emphasis of this study is India, a highly industrialized nation that is a substantial contributor to carbon dioxide emissions. The present study investigates the influence of renewable and non-renewable energy sources, economic growth, and investment in the energy sector on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. By employing several regression techniques and Granger causality analysis, the study reveals a negative correlation between renewable energy and CO2 emissions, indicating its capacity for promoting sustainable growth. Nevertheless, there exists a favorable association between non-renewable energy and real GDP growth in regard to CO2 emissions. Additionally, the study demonstrates a unidirectional causal relationship between the consumption of renewable energy and the levels of CO2 emissions, economic development, and energy investment. The implications derived from the study's findings have significant importance for policymakers seeking to advance environmental sustainability within the Indian economy. The observed inverse correlation between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the utilization of renewable energy implies that implementing policies that encourage the adoption of renewable energy sources may prove efficacious in mitigating carbon emissions and attaining sustainability objectives.