1. GAME-THEORETIC HISTORY OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
Authors: FRANK C. ZAGARE
Abstract
This study surveys and evaluates previous attempts to use game theory to explain the strategic dynamic of the Cuban missile crisis, including, but not limited to, explanations developed in the style of Thomas Schelling, Nigel Howard and Steven Brams. All of the explanations were judged to be either incomplete or deficient in some way. Schelling’s explanation is both empirically and theoretically inconsistent with the consensus interpretation of the crisis; Howard’s with the contemporary understanding of rational strategic behavior; and Brams’ with the full sweep of the events that define the crisis. The broad outlines of a more general explanation that addresses all of the foundational questions associated with the crisis within the confines of a single, integrated, game-theoretic model with incomplete information are laid out.
Keywords: Cuban missile crisis; game theory; threat that leaves something to chance; metagame theory; theory of moves; analytic narrative
2. CREATION OF VALUE IN BUSINESS: PERCEPTUAL STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO ACCOUNTING PRACTICES
Authors: Dr. SUKHJEET KAUR MATHARU, Dr. MURLIDHAR PANGA, Dr. ANKUR SAXENA and Dr. MINAL UPRETY
Abstract
The ever-changing nature of the business environment and technological advancement has brought about a revolutionary change in the designing, production and reporting processes of the organizations. Expectation from accounting in terms of extent and scope of information has also changed. This has forced the organizations to replace the traditional accounting practices with management accounting practices. In this study, we have attempted to analyze the perception of the accounting professionals towards the adoption and usage of management accounting practices (MAPs) in the manufacturing industries in India. Data was collected with the help of a self-designed questionnaire, developed through an in-depth review of existing studies and discussion with accountants and auditors. Percentage analysis of data was conducted on the information collected through a four-point Likert scale. The findings of the study reveal that account professionals and managers have in general a hypothetical and operational knowledge about the benefits and adoption of conventional and contemporary management accounting practices for decision making. Professional institutions and Academic bodies should reconsider their curriculum for enabling the practitioners to gain a practical understanding of the application of these practices.
Keywords: Ever changing, technology, function, professional, hypothetical, operational.